The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations

David P. Schmitt; Jüri Allik; Robert R. McCrae; Verónica Benet-Martínez; Lidia Alcalay; Lara Ault; Ivars Austers; Kevin L. Bennett; Gabriel Bianchi; Fredric Boholst; Mary Ann Borg Cunen; Johan Braeckman; Edwin G. Brainerd; Leo Gerard A. Caral; Gabrielle Caron; Maria Martina Casullo; Michael Cunningham; Ikuo Daibo; Charlotte De Backer; Eros De Souza; Rolando Diaz-Loving; Gláucia Diniz; Kevin Durkin; Marcela Echegaray; Ekin Eremsoy; Harald A. Euler; Ruth Falzon; Maryanne L. Fisher; Dolores Foley; Douglas P. Fry; Sirspa Fry; M. Arif Ghayur; Debra L. Golden; Karl Grammer; Liria Grimaldi; Jamin Halberstadt; Shamsul Haque; Dora Herrera; Janine Hertel; Heather Hoffmann; Danica Hooper; Zuzana Hradilekova; Jasna Hudek-Kene-evi; Jas Jaafar; Margarita Jankauskaite; Heidi Kabangu-Stahel; Igor Kardum; Brigitte Khoury; Hayrran Kwon; Kaia Laidra; Anton Rupert Laireiter; Dustin Lakerveld; Ada Lampert; Maryanne Lauri; Marguerite Lavallée; Suk Jae Lee; Luk Chung Leung; Kenneth D. Locke; Vance Locke; Ivan Luksik; Ishmael Magaisa; Dalia Marcinkeviciene; André Mata; Rui Mata; Barry McCarthy; Michael E. Mills; Nhlanhla J. Mkhize; João Moreira; Sérgio Moreira; Miguel Moya; M. Munyae; Patricia Noller; Adrian Opre; Alexia Panayiotou; Nebojsa Petrovic; Karolien Poels; Miroslav Popper; Maria Poulimenou; Volodymyr P'yatokh; Michel Raymond; Ulf Dietrich Reips; Susan E. Reneau; Sofia Rivera-Aragon; Wade C. Rowatt; Willibald Ruch; Velko S. Rus; Marilyn P. Safir; Sonia Salas; Fabio Sambataro; Kenneth N. Sandnabba; Marion K. Schulmeyer; Astrid Schütz; Tullio Scrimali; Todd K. Shackelford; Phillip R. Shaver; Francis Sichona; Franco Simonetti; Tilahun Sineshaw; Tom Speelman; Spyros Spyrou; H. Canan Sümer; Nebi Sümer; Marianna Supekova; Tomasz Szlendak; Robin Taylor; Bert Timmermans; William Tooke; Ioannis Tsaousis; F. S.K. Tungaraza; Griet Vandermassen; Tim Vanhoomissen; Frank Van Overwalle; Ine Vanwesenbeeck; Paul L. Vasey; João Verissimo; Martin Voracek; Wendy W.N. Wan; Ta Wei Wang; Peter Weiss; Andik Wijaya; Liesbeth Woertman; Gahyun Youn; Agata Zupanèiè; Mithila B. Sharan

doi:10.1177/0022022106297299

The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations

David P. Schmitt, Jüri Allik, Robert R. McCrae, Verónica Benet-Martínez, Lidia Alcalay, Lara Ault, Ivars Austers, Kevin L. Bennett, Gabriel Bianchi, Fredric Boholst, Mary Ann Borg Cunen, Johan Braeckman, Edwin G. Brainerd, Leo Gerard A. Caral, Gabrielle Caron, Maria Martina Casullo, Michael Cunningham, Ikuo Daibo, Charlotte De Backer, Eros De SouzaRolando Diaz-Loving, Gláucia Diniz, Kevin Durkin, Marcela Echegaray, Ekin Eremsoy, Harald A. Euler, Ruth Falzon, Maryanne L. Fisher, Dolores Foley, Douglas P. Fry, Sirspa Fry, M. Arif Ghayur, Debra L. Golden, Karl Grammer, Liria Grimaldi, Jamin Halberstadt, Shamsul Haque, Dora Herrera, Janine Hertel, Heather Hoffmann, Danica Hooper, Zuzana Hradilekova, Jasna Hudek-Kene-evi, Jas Jaafar, Margarita Jankauskaite, Heidi Kabangu-Stahel, Igor Kardum, Brigitte Khoury, Hayrran Kwon, Kaia Laidra, Anton Rupert Laireiter, Dustin Lakerveld, Ada Lampert, Maryanne Lauri, Marguerite Lavallée, Suk Jae Lee, Luk Chung Leung, Kenneth D. Locke, Vance Locke, Ivan Luksik, Ishmael Magaisa, Dalia Marcinkeviciene, André Mata, Rui Mata, Barry McCarthy, Michael E. Mills, Nhlanhla J. Mkhize, João Moreira, Sérgio Moreira, Miguel Moya, M. Munyae, Patricia Noller, Adrian Opre, Alexia Panayiotou, Nebojsa Petrovic, Karolien Poels, Miroslav Popper, Maria Poulimenou, Volodymyr P'yatokh, Michel Raymond, Ulf Dietrich Reips, Susan E. Reneau, Sofia Rivera-Aragon, Wade C. Rowatt, Willibald Ruch, Velko S. Rus, Marilyn P. Safir, Sonia Salas, Fabio Sambataro, Kenneth N. Sandnabba, Marion K. Schulmeyer, Astrid Schütz, Tullio Scrimali, Todd K. Shackelford, Phillip R. Shaver, Francis Sichona, Franco Simonetti, Tilahun Sineshaw, Tom Speelman, Spyros Spyrou, H. Canan Sümer, Nebi Sümer, Marianna Supekova, Tomasz Szlendak, Robin Taylor, Bert Timmermans, William Tooke, Ioannis Tsaousis, F. S.K. Tungaraza, Griet Vandermassen, Tim Vanhoomissen, Frank Van Overwalle, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Paul L. Vasey, João Verissimo, Martin Voracek, Wendy W.N. Wan, Ta Wei Wang, Peter Weiss, Andik Wijaya, Liesbeth Woertman, Gahyun Youn, Agata Zupanèiè, Mithila B. Sharan

Psychological Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	173-212
Number of pages	40
Journal	Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Volume	38
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297299
State	Published - Mar 2007

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Social Psychology
Cultural Studies
Anthropology

Keywords

Big Five
Cross-cultural psychology
Personality traits

Access to Document

10.1177/0022022106297299

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Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., Benet-Martínez, V., Alcalay, L., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Borg Cunen, M. A., Braeckman, J., Brainerd, E. G., Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Martina Casullo, M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., De Backer, C., ... Sharan, M. B. (2007). The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(2), 173-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297299

Schmitt, DP, Allik, J, McCrae, RR, Benet-Martínez, V, Alcalay, L, Ault, L, Austers, I, Bennett, KL, Bianchi, G, Boholst, F, Borg Cunen, MA, Braeckman, J, Brainerd, EG, Caral, LGA, Caron, G, Martina Casullo, M, Cunningham, M, Daibo, I, De Backer, C, De Souza, E, Diaz-Loving, R, Diniz, G, Durkin, K, Echegaray, M, Eremsoy, E, Euler, HA, Falzon, R, Fisher, ML, Foley, D, Fry, DP, Fry, S, Arif Ghayur, M, Golden, DL, Grammer, K, Grimaldi, L, Halberstadt, J, Haque, S, Herrera, D, Hertel, J, Hoffmann, H, Hooper, D, Hradilekova, Z, Hudek-Kene-evi, J, Jaafar, J, Jankauskaite, M, Kabangu-Stahel, H, Kardum, I, Khoury, B, Kwon, H, Laidra, K, Laireiter, AR, Lakerveld, D, Lampert, A, Lauri, M, Lavallée, M, Lee, SJ, Chung Leung, L, Locke, KD, Locke, V, Luksik, I, Magaisa, I, Marcinkeviciene, D, Mata, A, Mata, R, McCarthy, B, Mills, ME, Mkhize, NJ, Moreira, J, Moreira, S, Moya, M, Munyae, M, Noller, P, Opre, A, Panayiotou, A, Petrovic, N, Poels, K, Popper, M, Poulimenou, M, P'yatokh, V, Raymond, M, Reips, UD, Reneau, SE, Rivera-Aragon, S, Rowatt, WC, Ruch, W, Rus, VS, Safir, MP, Salas, S, Sambataro, F, Sandnabba, KN, Schulmeyer, MK, Schütz, A, Scrimali, T, Shackelford, TK, Shaver, PR, Sichona, F, Simonetti, F, Sineshaw, T, Speelman, T, Spyrou, S, Canan Sümer, H, Sümer, N, Supekova, M, Szlendak, T, Taylor, R, Timmermans, B, Tooke, W, Tsaousis, I, Tungaraza, FSK, Vandermassen, G, Vanhoomissen, T, Van Overwalle, F, Vanwesenbeeck, I, Vasey, PL, Verissimo, J, Voracek, M, Wan, WWN, Wang, TW, Weiss, P, Wijaya, A, Woertman, L, Youn, G, Zupanèiè, A & Sharan, MB 2007, 'The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 173-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297299

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year = "2007",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1177/0022022106297299",

language = "English",

volume = "38",

pages = "173--212",

journal = "Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology",

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T1 - The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits

T2 - Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations

AU - Schmitt, David P.

AU - Allik, Jüri

AU - McCrae, Robert R.

AU - Benet-Martínez, Verónica

AU - Alcalay, Lidia

AU - Ault, Lara

AU - Austers, Ivars

AU - Bennett, Kevin L.

AU - Bianchi, Gabriel

AU - Boholst, Fredric

AU - Borg Cunen, Mary Ann

AU - Braeckman, Johan

AU - Brainerd, Edwin G.

AU - Caral, Leo Gerard A.

AU - Caron, Gabrielle

AU - Martina Casullo, Maria

AU - Cunningham, Michael

AU - Daibo, Ikuo

AU - De Backer, Charlotte

AU - De Souza, Eros

AU - Diaz-Loving, Rolando

AU - Diniz, Gláucia

AU - Durkin, Kevin

AU - Echegaray, Marcela

AU - Eremsoy, Ekin

AU - Euler, Harald A.

AU - Falzon, Ruth

AU - Fisher, Maryanne L.

AU - Foley, Dolores

AU - Fry, Douglas P.

AU - Fry, Sirspa

AU - Arif Ghayur, M.

AU - Golden, Debra L.

AU - Grammer, Karl

AU - Grimaldi, Liria

AU - Halberstadt, Jamin

AU - Haque, Shamsul

AU - Herrera, Dora

AU - Hertel, Janine

AU - Hoffmann, Heather

AU - Hooper, Danica

AU - Hradilekova, Zuzana

AU - Hudek-Kene-evi, Jasna

AU - Jaafar, Jas

AU - Jankauskaite, Margarita

AU - Kabangu-Stahel, Heidi

AU - Kardum, Igor

AU - Khoury, Brigitte

AU - Kwon, Hayrran

AU - Laidra, Kaia

AU - Laireiter, Anton Rupert

AU - Lakerveld, Dustin

AU - Lampert, Ada

AU - Lauri, Maryanne

AU - Lavallée, Marguerite

AU - Lee, Suk Jae

AU - Chung Leung, Luk

AU - Locke, Kenneth D.

AU - Locke, Vance

AU - Luksik, Ivan

AU - Magaisa, Ishmael

AU - Marcinkeviciene, Dalia

AU - Mata, André

AU - Mata, Rui

AU - McCarthy, Barry

AU - Mills, Michael E.

AU - Mkhize, Nhlanhla J.

AU - Moreira, João

AU - Moreira, Sérgio

AU - Moya, Miguel

AU - Munyae, M.

AU - Noller, Patricia

AU - Opre, Adrian

AU - Panayiotou, Alexia

AU - Petrovic, Nebojsa

AU - Poels, Karolien

AU - Popper, Miroslav

AU - Poulimenou, Maria

AU - P'yatokh, Volodymyr

AU - Raymond, Michel

AU - Reips, Ulf Dietrich

AU - Reneau, Susan E.

AU - Rivera-Aragon, Sofia

AU - Rowatt, Wade C.

AU - Ruch, Willibald

AU - Rus, Velko S.

AU - Safir, Marilyn P.

AU - Salas, Sonia

AU - Sambataro, Fabio

AU - Sandnabba, Kenneth N.

AU - Schulmeyer, Marion K.

AU - Schütz, Astrid

AU - Scrimali, Tullio

AU - Shackelford, Todd K.

AU - Shaver, Phillip R.

AU - Sichona, Francis

AU - Simonetti, Franco

AU - Sineshaw, Tilahun

AU - Speelman, Tom

AU - Spyrou, Spyros

AU - Canan Sümer, H.

AU - Sümer, Nebi

AU - Supekova, Marianna

AU - Szlendak, Tomasz

AU - Taylor, Robin

AU - Timmermans, Bert

AU - Tooke, William

AU - Tsaousis, Ioannis

AU - Tungaraza, F. S.K.

AU - Vandermassen, Griet

AU - Vanhoomissen, Tim

AU - Van Overwalle, Frank

AU - Vanwesenbeeck, Ine

AU - Vasey, Paul L.

AU - Verissimo, João

AU - Voracek, Martin

AU - Wan, Wendy W.N.

AU - Wang, Ta Wei

AU - Weiss, Peter

AU - Wijaya, Andik

AU - Woertman, Liesbeth

AU - Youn, Gahyun

AU - Zupanèiè, Agata

AU - Sharan, Mithila B.

PY - 2007/3

Y1 - 2007/3

KW - Big Five

KW - Cross-cultural psychology

KW - Personality traits

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The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Keywords

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